Symptoms and treatment of bacterial infections

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Symptoms and treatment of bacterial infections

 

Bacterial disease, any of a variety of illnesses caused by bacteria. Until the mid-20th century, bacterial pneumonia was probably the leading cause of death among the elderly. Improved sanitation, vaccines, and antibiotics have all decreased the mortality rates from bacterial infections, though antibiotic-resistant strains have caused a resurgence in some illnesses. In the early 21st century, tuberculosis, which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis—several strains of which had developed resistance to one or more drugs widely used to treat the infection—was among the deadliest infectious diseases worldwide.

Bacteria cause disease by secreting or excreting toxins (as in botulism), by producing toxins internally, which are released when the bacteria disintegrate (as in typhoid), or by inducing sensitivity to their antigenic properties (as in tuberculosis). Other serious bacterial diseases include cholera, diphtheria, bacterial meningitis, tetanus, Lyme disease, gonorrhea, and syphilis.

Vesiculitis, inflammation and infection of the seminal vesicles in the male reproductive tract. The seminal vesicles are ductlike glands that add fluid secretions to the seminal fluid as it passes from the body during intercourse. Infections present in the prostate or related organs usually involve the seminal vesicles also. Infections can reach the glands through the urethra or by way of the bloodstream.

The symptoms of vesiculitis are similar to those in cases of prostate infection; they may include a dull aching pain in the abdomen, discomfort in the urethra, pain after sexual intercourse, the presence of blood in the seminal fluid, premature or painful ejaculation, and impotence. Treatment is usually administration of antibiotics. See also prostatic disorder.


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