Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a cancer that develops in the cells within the bile ducts.
Cholangiocarcinoma, also known as bile duct cancer, is a type of cancer that forms in the bile ducts. Symptoms of cholangiocarcinoma may include abdominal pain, yellowish skin, weight loss, generalized itching, and fever. Light colored stool or dark urine may also occur. Other biliary tract cancers include gallbladder cancer and cancer of the ampulla of Vater. Risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma include primary sclerosing cholangitis (an inflammatory disease of the bile ducts), ulcerative colitis, cirrhosis, hepatitis C, hepatitis B, infection with certain liver fluke, and some congenital liver malformations. However, most people have no identifiable risk factors. The diagnosis is... Read More
Microbiology of Dental Caries Dental caries can be defined as a localised and chemical loss of the tooth structure caused by the metabolic activity of dental biofilm that covers the tooth surface. This loss is reversible, especially in its early stages. The final outcome of dental caries is determined by multiple factors such as saliva, exposure to fluoride, and sugar dietary consumptions, which influence the dynamic balance between the demineralisation and remineralisation processes. Dental caries can be developed in any part of the tooth surface: enamel, dentine or cementum. However, it is more common in the sites wherein the dental... 
Microbial Biotechnology Microbes (or microorganisms) are organisms that are too small to be seen by the unaided eye. The wide variety of microbial habitats reflects an enormous diversity of biochemical and metabolic traits that have arisen by genetic variation and natural selection in microbial populations. Research in the Department of Microbial Biotechnology focusses on microbes of environmental, industrial or clinical relevance. Our work includes several approaches based on molecular genetics, systems and synthetic biology, genomics, proteomics and metagenomics. The scientific objectives of the department include five complementary aspects of microbial biology: Environmental Microbiology: We study the regulatory mechanisms that degrade... 
This paper provides an overview on the viability and performance of bitcoins as a payment alternative. The history of the Crypto-currency is briefly covered followed by the operation and potential technology failure. The paper then discusses consumer acceptance of bitcoins by analyzing a survey conducted by and the positive and negative observation of the results will be discussed. Fiat Currencies, Traditional E-commerce and Alt-Coin are identified as bitcoins direct competitors and a comparison done on bitcoins against its competitors. The regulatory issues and the legality of bitcoin are also discussed. For many years, financial intermediaries play an important... 
This paper investigated the dynamic interrelationship between macroeconomic fundamentals and stock prices in Nigeria using time series data spanning from 1980 to 2016. The study made use of co-integration test and the error correction mechanism. Empirical estimates revealed pointedly that there is a long run correlation between macroeconomic fundamentals and stock prices in Nigeria. Similarly, in the short run, the previous values of money supply and interest rate were found to demonstrate a significant effect on stock prices. Also, the previous value of stock market return was found to show significant influence on the current stock prices. Markedly, the results... 
Fish Lice and Leeches Whether fish live in an aquarium, a pond, or in saltwater, they are at risk for being infected by parasites. Some parasites are particular to the type of water, but one parasite that infects fish living in all three types of water is the protozoan parasite Ichthyobodo. Reasons for Ichthyobodo infection The most common instigator of this protozoan parasite infection is stress due to poor sanitary conditions and overcrowding of the aquarium, tank or pond. Stress leads to a weakened immune system, which leads to vulnerability to this parasite. Even overfeeding can stress the fish and lead to parasitic... 
Herpesvirus Diseases in Fish Herpes virus is not only a human virus; it can just as easily infect fishes, too. In fishes, herpes virus infections can cause a variety of diseases; including those can be fatal to the animal. Channel Catfish Virus (CCV) is a serious herpes virus infection in the fry and fingerling -- both fish young -- of the channel catfish. CCV usually infects weak fishes that are stressed due to shipping and handling, a lack of oxygen in the water, or chemically treated water. Fishes which are older have higher survival rates than younger fishes, and those... 
Supra-trochlear foramen and its clinical significance 
Tumor cells have developed various mechanisms to escape immune surveillance • CD8+ cytotoxic T cells are a fundamental element of anti-tumor immunity. Their TCR receptors recognise antigens presented by MHC class I and when bound, the Tc cell triggers its cytotoxic activity. MHC I are present on the surface of all nucleated cells. However, some cancer cells lower their MHC I expression and avoid being detected by the cytotoxic T cells. This can be done by mutation of MHC I gene or by lowering the sensitivity to IFN-γ (which influences the surface expression of MHC I). Tumor cells also... 
The beauty of the skin is that you can affect it from both inside and out. Eating plenty of 
Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine and Therapeutics is a monthly Open Access Publication. It publishes original research articles, epidemiological studies, new methodological clinical approaches, case reports, design and goals of clinical trials, review articles, points of view, editorials and Images in cardiovascular medicine. Submitted articles undergo a preliminary review by the editor. Articles being considered for publication will undergo further assessment and peer-review by the editors and those invited to do so from a reviewer pool. The Cardiovascular Diseases affecting the developed world have at their core atherosclerosis and Hypertension, both of which are profoundly affected by diet... 
Insights of Dosage form Design: Polymorphs and Cocrystals Formulators are charged with the responsibility to formulate a bioequivalent product (in case of ANDA) product which is physically and chemically stable, manufacturable at commercial scale. Different crystal structures in polymorphs arise when the drug substance crystallizes in different crystal packing arrangements and/or different conformations. Besides, Polymorphs cocrystallization is now important method to achieve crystalline forms of molecules where alternative polymorphs or salts or solvates are desired. Regulatory road map for polymorphs approval is quite clear and for cocrystals draft guidance is on scientific advisory form public. From Intellectual property perspectives polymorphs... 
Nanopharmaceuticals: A New Perspective of Drug Delivery System 
What Causes Fish-Handler's Disease? The disease has so many names because so many different outbreaks have been associated with occupations (fishermen or lobstermen), hobbies (tropical fish tanks, pet shop workers), or water sports (boating, swimming pool use). Researchers also discovered that at least two different genera of bacteria (Mycobacterium and Erysipelothrix) were the main causative infective agents of the disease. These findings added to the proliferation of names. Causes Fish-Handler's Disease This is an erysipeloid infection, which means it is caused by an infection which resembles erysipelas but is caused by a different organism than that which causes erysipelas. Handling... 
The impact of Renin-angiotensin system blockers on lung cancers prognosis Background and objective: The impact of antihypertensive medications angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) on the clinical outcomes of lung cancer patients remains controversial. This meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the association between ACEIs/ARBs usage and survival of lung cancer patients. Methods: Eligible studies were identified by searching Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane library up to February, 2017. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the effect of ACEIs/ARBs on survival of lung cancer. Heterogeneity and sensitivity were also analyzed. Results: We finally... 
Metal levels in commercial pelagic fishes and their contribution 
A 
In order to lead a 
Network meta-analysis of the effectiveness of various drugs in preventing allergic hypersensitivity in patients after anesthesia Objective: To explore the effect of different drugs on postoperative hyperalgesia in general anesthesia patients. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted to detect the hyperalgesia of patients with general anesthesia from PubMed, Embase, Medline, CNKI and Wanfang databases. The visual analogue scale (VAS) assessment of hyperalgesia patients after anesthesia was extracted as well as the effects of various prophylactic agents on the incidence of side effects in postoperative patients. Multivariables meta-analysis was performed by Stata 14.0 software to explore the effectiveness of various... 
Cancer Cell Biology & Genetics 
During the past few years, mammalian development has been extended in vitro beyond the pre-implantation and post-implantation period. The exploitation of three dimensional (3D) culture systems has allowed to recapitulate gastrulation and, with the creation of organoids that summarize the process of organogenesis, to mimic the cellular organization and function of specific tissues and organs. The most recent advancements in computing science coupled with molecular technologies allowed a tremendous leap forward in our capacity to characterize the molecular networks of a large number of cell types. In addition, the evolution of imaging instruments and tools is radically changing the... 
Adjuvant 
The objective of this paper is to analyze the performance of 10 selected deposit money banks in Nigeria using the simple random sampling technique over a period of fifteen years (2000-2015). The data were sourced from the audited annual reports from the Nigerian Stock Exchange. For this purpose, CAMELS model was used. The CAMELS model established that six of the banks namely; Banks A, B, C, D, E and G were graded as satisfactory (scale point 2) in their general performances based on the 5 point likert scale where 1 is the highest and 5 is the lowest whereas 4... 
This study sets out to examine the effects of financial leverage on the profit growth in Nigeria using the total debt to capital ratio, debt to equity ratio, cost of debt, debt to asset ratio and long term debt to capital ratios as proxies for financial leverage for a sample of 80 non-financial firms quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange over the period of 2000 to 2015. Data were analysed using the panel data regression analysis model which includes the pooled regression model, fixed effect model and the random effect model. The choice of the appropriate model between Fixed Effect... 
Although the topic of animal personality has generated much interest in recent years, the role of development is little understood. This collection of papers will deal with the development of animal personality. Topics will include the roles of the genetics and evolution of the development of personality, maternal and paternal effects, the potential role of predation risk, acoustic and visual effects, conspecific effects, and other environmental effects such as temperature. The organisms covered will include invertebrates such as insects, fishes, mammals, reptiles and birds. Contributors will include both beginning and experienced investigators in the field of animal personality. Personality traits... 
Marine megafauna are iconic and charismatic. The threatened or endangered status of many species, the great economic importance of some taxa and their frequent role as keystone species in ecosystems has resulted in many becoming flagships for research by both professional and citizen scientists. The body size and mobility of marine megafauna means that their populations tend to be spread across wide ranges, multiple management jurisdictions and national boundaries. In contrast, research efforts are often compartmentalized, separated by both geography and approach. These barriers to progress have begun falling away in recent years, as researchers recognize the imperative to pool... 
Pathogenicity Pathogenicity refers to the ability of an organism to cause disease (ie, harm the host). This ability represents a genetic component of the pathogen and the overt damage done to the host is a property of the host-pathogen interactions. Commensals and opportunistic pathogens lack this inherent ability to cause disease. However, disease is not an inevitable outcome of the host-pathogen interaction and, furthermore, pathogens can express a wide range of virulence. Virulence, a term often used interchangeably with pathogenicity, refers to the degree of pathology caused by the organism. The extent of the virulence is usually correlated with the... 
Oncology: 
When the body's control mechanism disruptions working properly and the cells remain no longer normal, they start growing abnormally and uncontrollably, hence causing Cancer. Old cells do not die and as an alternative grow out of control, forming new, 
On Earth, human activities are changing the 
It is when a functional food aids in the prevention and/or treatment of disease and/or disorder(s) other than anemia, it is called a 
An antimicrobial is an agent that kills microorganisms or stops their growth. Antimicrobial medicines can be grouped according to the microorganisms they act primarily against. For example, antibiotics are used against bacteria and antifungals are used against fungi. They can also be classified according to their function. Agents that kill microbes are called microbicidal, while those that merely inhibit their growth are called biostatic. The use of antimicrobial medicines to treat infection is known as antimicrobial chemotherapy, while the use of antimicrobial medicines to prevent infection is known as antimicrobial prophylaxis. The main classes of antimicrobial agents are disinfectants... 
Swim Bladder Disorder in Aquarium Fish Swim bladder disease, also called swim bladder disorder or flipover, is a common ailment in aquarium fish. The swim bladder is an internal gas-filled organ that contributes to the ability of a fish to control its buoyancy, and thus to stay at the current water depth without having to waste energy in swimming. A fish with swim bladder disorder can float nose down tail up, or can float to the top or sink to the bottom of the aquarium. Symptoms of Swim Bladder Disorder Fish suffering from swim bladder disorder exhibit a variety of... 
Apprehensions and issues related to pacu Piaractus brachypomus farming in India 
Comparative Study of Liver Enzymes Activities in Smokers and Diabetic Sudanese Patients 
Glucose Caffeine Combo Can Improve Brain Activity Efficiency According to a study, a glucose and caffeine combination can improve brain activity efficiency. Neural substrate for the combined effects of these 2 substances was identified making use of functional magnetic resonance imaging. The main study results were that the 2 substances combined improve cognitive performance in terms of working memory and sustained attention by increasing brain activity efficiency in the brain regions responsible for these 2 functions. This supports the notion of a synergistic effect between 2 substances, in which the effect of each one is boosted by the other. The... 
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an ocular condition which may get worse over time. It is the leading cause of extreme, permanent loss of vision in persons over 60 years old. This occurs when the small central portion of your retina, called the macula, wears down. Early symptoms of dry AMD include slightly blurred vision, the need for more reading light, and difficulty in recognizing faces until they are very close to the person. Smoking, high blood pressure, obesity, a diet high in unsaturated fats, simple carbohydrates and lack of exercise all contribute to the risk of AMD. Good eye... 
Basic ECG Management Software Functionality 
Nicotine replacement therapy and varenicline: A cohort study in low-income region (Monastir, Tunisia). Background: Among motivated Smokers, cessation can be performed by Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT), or by Varenicline (VAR). We aimed at determining quit rates among two cohorts, treated by NRT or VAR and, at identifying factors associated to quit and relapse delays. Methods: We carried out a prospective cohort study at the smoking cessation center of the University Hospital of Monastir, in Tunisia from April 2009 to January 2012. Results: 1042 active smokers have been followed in smoking cessation center between April 2009 and December 2010. One hundred... 
In this study, I examine the relation between the cash conversion cycle and its components and a firm’s diversification status. Using a large sample of US public firms over 1980 to 2016, I find the inventory and receivable periods are shorter in diversified firms than focused firms. The results suggest that diversified firms have more efficient inventory management; and have better access to external financing which makes supply chain financing less significant in diversified firms. There is evidence that diversified firms have longer cash conversion cycle, especially in more recent sample years. Further research... 
The true and fair view in much Italian company is not applied in financial reporting. The company often applies a different principle which is affected by tax legislation. This “new” principle can be called: the “tax true and fiscally fair” principle. An empirical research I conducted in Italy has shown that Italian financial statements are “contaminated” by regulations that differ from accounting standards. In fact, many Italian financial statements are not prepared according to national and/or international accounting standards, but rather based on tax laws upon the occurrence of fiscal interference in the final financial statements assessments, the balance sheet... 
Genome instability (also genetic instability or genomic instability) refers to a high frequency of mutations within the genome of a cellular lineage. These mutations can include changes in nucleic acid sequences, chromosomal rearrangements or aneuploidy. Genome instability does occur in bacteria. In multicellular organisms genome instability is central to carcinogenesis,and in humans it is also a factor in some neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or the neuromuscular disease myotonic dystrophy.The sources of genome instability have only recently begun to be elucidated. A high frequency of externally caused DNA damage can be one source of genome instability since DNA damages can cause inaccurate translesion synthesis past the damages or errors in repair, leading to mutation. Another source... 
Molecular phenotyping describes the technique of quantifying pathway reporter genes, i.e. pre-selected genes that are modulated specifically by metabolic and signaling pathways, in order to infer activity of these pathways. In most cases, molecular phenotyping quantifies changes of pathway reporter gene expression to characterize modulation of pathway activities induced by perturbations such as therapeutic agents or stress in a cellular system in vitro. In such contexts, measurements at early time points are often more informative than later observations because they capture the primary response to the perturbation by the cellular system. Integrated with quantified changes of phenotype induced by the perturbation, molecular phenotyping can identify pathways that contribute to the... 
Isolation and identification of Citrobacter spp. from the intestine of Procambarus clarkia 
The shelf-life of Macrobrachium nipponense dried meats during six months storage at room temperature 
Analysis of Some Morphometric Parameters of Tibia 
Self-Care and Related Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes One of the factors that control the complication of 
Swimming is an integral aspect of the life history of many fish species in the aquatic environment. Teleost fish show a great variety of locomotor strategies that are linked to their feeding behavior, predator avoidance, environmental (e.g. light, temperature, salinity, depth, etc.) preferences, social and reproductive behaviors, etc. The most dramatic examples of locomotor strategies can be found among those species that undergo long and lengthy reproductive and feeding migrations, such as salmonids, thunniforms and anguillids. From an organismic point of view, swimming is a behavior that occurs in intimate relation to other biological processes that fish experience throughout their... 
Structure and mechanism of Fingolimod 
Quantitative genetic studies Gene–environment and its significance 
After decades of steady decline, the number of deaths from cardiovascular disease (CVD) has risen over the past few years, according to the American Heart Association. The good news is that an estimated 80% of all CVD cases — heart disease, heart attack, heart failure, and stroke — can be prevented. The key is to control high blood pressure and high cholesterol and to maintain healthy habits, such as exercising regularly, eating a plant-based diet, getting enough sleep, and not smoking. No surprise, right? This advice has been consistent for many years. But the best way to meet these standards... 
The importance of 
The world’s population is predicted to hit 9 Billion by 2050, and with it food demand is predicted to increase substantially. The World Bank estimates that cereal and meat production needs to increase by 50% and 85% respectively between 2000 and 2030 to meet demand, putting serious pressure on the global agricultural industry. Critical to meeting this demand for food are mechanisms to reduce the incidence of animal disease. Within excess of 1.3 billion cattle globally, the total cost of infectious diseases is difficult to estimate. However in North America alone, the cost is predicted to be $18 billion annually.... 
The ability to sequence entire genomes and transcriptomes is revolutionising cancer biology and, more slowly, cancer medicine. The evidence that large‐scale sequencing has clinical utility, that it improves outcomes, is slowly accumulating. A major controversy has centred on whether or not all tumours refractory to standard therapy should undergo therapy selection by molecular genetic cancer profiling (MGCP). Despite several completed or ongoing clinical trials, this issue is not settled; however, other forces now ensure that MGCP will become a routine diagnostic tool. Biopsies are becoming smaller, providing greater safety for patients, but yielding less DNA/RNA while there are now sufficiently... 
Pediatric phase I oncology trials have historically focused on safety and toxicity, with objective response rates (ORRs) <10%. Recently, with an emphasis on targeted approaches, response rates may have changed. Authors analyzed outcomes of recent phase I pediatric oncology trials. 
The Journal of Molecular Oncology Research is an open access peer-reviewed journal it reaches more number of readers with high quality research content based on Clinical Oncology practice, including administration, pharmacokinetics, preoperative and postoperative considerations, coexisting disease and other complicating factors, Cancer Surgery, Orthopedics cancer, GI cancer, Cancer Neurosurgery, Cancer Cardiothoracic, Cancer Vascular Surgery, Cancer Urology, Surgical Oncology. Our 
Journal of Molecular Oncology Research is a peer-reviewed Open Access Journal, encourages on-going international research and articles related to Oncology. It’s our privilege to recite you as a foremost strategist in the realm of research and invite you to endowment your research penmanship and publication in forth coming issue in the form of Research, Reviews, Commentaries, Letter to Editor, Case Reports, Short Communication, Images, Conference Proceedings which will be published in our journal. 
The Journal of Finance and Marketing disseminates high quality research content based on Financial Marketing from marketing professionals across the globe, with implications from the leading Business schools, universities and research institutes. Our 
The 
Preparing medical graduates in Sri Lanka for a productive internship and beyond: The “Good Intern Program Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory condition in women that is characterised by the ectopic growth of endometrial glands and stroma outside of the uterine cavity. Although there exists many theories for the pathogenesis of endometriosis, none has been successively confirmed as a direct cause for disease development. The human body comprises a diverse microflora across all tissues that can have fundamental roles in health and disease. The microbial flora in a healthy individual can vary remarkably between anatomical sites due to the physical and... 
Quercetin Reduces Production of Hepatitis C Virus About 300 million individuals around the world are infected with the infectious disease hepatitis C, and approximately 1 to 2% of the population in the U.S. is infected. Hepatitis C can cause cirrhosis, scarring of the liver and finally liver failure. A substantial amount of infected individuals get liver disease or cancer of the liver. The existing standard treatment is interferon, and that has only a 50 percent rate of success. Complicating the 50 percent rate of failure are severe side effects that result in a lot of individuals discontinuing treatment. Researchers have... 
Pancreatic Cancer Association and Type 2 Diabetes Drugs According to a study, 2 drugs made use of for treating type 2 diabetes may be associated with a significantly higher risk of the development of pancreatic cancer and pancreatitis, and 1 of the drugs may be associated with an increased thyroid cancer risk. Researchers analyzed the FDA’s database for adverse events reported by individuals making use of the type 2 diabetes drugs exenatide and sitagliptin. A 6 times the increase in the odds ratio for reported pancreatitis cases with these drugs was found, in comparison to 4 other diabetes control... 
WHY ARE ANIMALS NEEDED IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH? Why are Animals Needed in Biomedical Research? The use of animals in some types of research is essential to the development of new and more effective methods for diagnosing and treating diseases that affect both humans and animals. Medical researchers need to understand health problems before they can develop ways to treat them. Scientists use animals to learn more about such problems, and to assure the safety of new medical treatments. Some diseases and health problems involve processes that can only be studied in living organisms. Animals are necessary to medical research because... 
Just as proper physical techniques should be part of every athlete’s safety routine, maintaining adequate nutrition and hydration is also important. By following basic nutrition and hydration tips, athletes can stay at peak performance before, during and after activity. Nutrition for Growth and Performance: Nutrients are fuel for the body. In order for our physical and mental health to remain strong and healthy, we need to consume a balanced diet of nutrients that can carry you through everyday life. Not only whilst performing sports activity, but before and afterwards. Important nutrients include: 
BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND ITS BROAD FIELDS 
Economics of Value Addition in Fish in Manipur State of India: Empirical Analysis 
Changes in quality attributes of sand smelt (Atherina hepsetus) fish burger and finger during frozen storage 
Journal of Clinical Nephrology and Therapeutics publishes the manuscripts that are directly or indirectly based on variegated aspects of clinical nephrology, diabetic nephropathy, pediatric nephrology, renal physiology, renal histopathology, immunobiology, intensive care nephrology, and ischemic nephropathy. Journal of Clinical Nephrology and Therapeutics publishes the manuscripts that are directly or indirectly based on variegated aspects of clinical nephrology, diabetic nephropathy, pediatric nephrology, renal physiology, renal histopathology, immunobiology, intensive care nephrology, and ischemic nephropathy. Articles that are submitted to our journal will undergo double-blind peer review process to maintain quality and the standards set for academic journals. The review... 
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a devastating complication of diabetes mellitus, is a worldwide health, societal and economic problem. Tubulointersitial fibrosis has been shown to be the final common pathological consequence of almost all forms of chronic progressive renal disease, including diabetic nephropathy. Numerous pathways have been identified in the pathogenesis of this disease, but clinical strategies based on these pathways for the management of diabetic nephropathy remain unsatisfactory, as the number of diabetic patients with nephropathy continues to increase. New treatment modalities or strategies are needed to prevent or slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy. KCa3.1 (also known as IK1, SK4... 
ADF Recent scientific era has witnessed a tremendous progression in the field of medical sciences due to development in allied fields of biotechnology and biochemistry. New techniques are constantly being introduced leading to the production of remarkable and medicinally valuable molecules, to alter hereditary traits of plants and animals, for diagnosis of various diseases and finally finding novel ways to cure them. The advancement made in the field of biotechnology has resulted in the development of a new class of potential drugs. It also helps in cloning and expression of various prophylactically important proteins and polypeptides that may be exploited... 
The LIM kinase family of serine protein kinases contains two members, LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1) and LIM kinase 2 (LIMK2). LIMK1 was first isolated from olfactory epithelial cell lines, and LIMK2 from a rat cDNA library using human LIMK1 cDNA as a probe. LIMK1 and 2 are structurally similar and share 50% amino acid homology, human and mouse LIMK1 share 95% amino acid homology. The amino terminus of LIMK contains two double zinc finger LIM domains, followed by a PDZ domain. Both domains are involved in protein-protein interaction. The C-terminus end of the molecule contains the catalytic active kinase domain.... 
In Eva Jablonka and Lamb’s words, epigenetics is one of the four dimensions of evolution. After decades thinking and acting as if the genome determined the absolute fate of any life form in Earth, the relevance of epigenetics for mammalian life, disease and death is now recognized. In fact, assuming similar genomes, lifespan, life style, and risk of diseases, etc. results from a balance between genes and epigenetic traits. The Research Topic aims to show the differences of epigenetic traits between tissues, their physiological relevance and potential to target epigenetic mechanisms in human diseases. The International Journal of Pure and... 
Five promising new developments in cardiovascular research that you may be hearing more about in the coming years. 1. 
When human beings were hunter-gatherers, the diseases they contracted were zoonoses – those spread through animals. When man turned to agriculture, he settled on river banks and his clan stayed together. Then the most common diseases were infections. Later, as the industrial revolution was followed by the digital revolution, a new set of illnesses came into being–the lifestyle diseases or as generally put, non-communicable diseases. 
Background and Objective: Cognitive dysfunction is one of the mental disorders and defined as the impairment in the process of understanding such as knowledge, memory power, attention, analysis, judgment and problem solving etc. Cognitive impairment due to chemotherapy has been reported in 17-75% of patients. Cognitive function can be measured by different subjective and objective assessment techniques. The idea of this systematic review was to appraise the recently published evidence on effect of cancer chemotherapy on cognitive function. The study was designed to evaluate the effect of cancer chemotherapy on cognitive function. Methodology: A comprehensive literature search of articles on... 
Human activities have many effects on marine mammals. These can be broadly divided into deliberate and incidental. Impacts that humans cause incidentally to our primary purposes in the seas and oceans include those mediated through noise and disturbance, for example from seismic surveys, other offshore industrial activities and boat traffic. Fishing operations incidentally entangle and kill large numbers of marine mammals all across the world and, in some instances, and nets are sometimes deliberately set to catch dolphins because of the valuable fish that can be found in association with them. Some of our human activities are more directly focused... 
Medical Microbiology Medical microbiology, the large subset of microbiology that is applied to medicine, is a branch of medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. In addition, this field of science studies various clinical applications of microbes for the improvement of health. There are four kinds of microorganisms that cause infectious disease: bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses, and one type of infectious protein called prion. Medical microbiology concerns the nature, distribution and activities of microbes and how they impact on health and wellbeing, most particularly as agents of infection. Infections remain a major global cause... 
Microbial dysbiosis and disease pathogenesis of endometriosis, could there be a link. Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory condition in women that is characterised by the ectopic growth of endometrial glands and stroma outside of the uterine cavity. Although there exists many theories for the pathogenesis of endometriosis, none has been successively confirmed as a direct cause for disease development. The human body comprises a diverse microflora across all tissues that can have fundamental roles in health and disease. The microbial flora in a healthy individual can vary remarkably between anatomical sites due to the physical and chemical properties of specific... 
Enzymology Enzymology is a branch of biochemistry that deals with the properties, activity, and significance of enzymes. Enzymes are both proteins and biological catalysts (biocatalysts). Catalysts accelerate chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzyme catalysis in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. Metabolic pathways depend upon enzymes to catalyze individual steps. The study of enzymes is called enzymology and a new field of pseudoenzyme analysis has recently grown up, recognising... 
Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Research is an open access, peer reviewed journal that focuses on the interdisciplinary research offering therapeutic solutions to various neurological, genetics, psychological, and respiratory issues affecting the human beings. Circulating free DNA (cfDNA) are degraded DNA fragments released to the blood plasma. cfDNA can be used to describe various forms of DNA freely circulating the bloodstream, including circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and cell-free fetal DNA (cfDNA). Elevated levels of cfDNA are observed in cancer, especially in advanced disease. CfDNA has been shown to be a useful biomarker for a multitude of ailments other than cancer... 
Given the changing realities of the business environment, supply chain issues have become one of the top priorities of CEOs in different firms. Growing attention to supply chain networks also highlights the importance of using efficient supply chain management practices. The belief that supply chain management can lead to continuous improvement of corporate performance has led CEOs to focus on upgrading the supply chain management process. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the impact of supply chain capabilities on operational and financial performance of food companies. The study population consists of 76 companies operating in the food... 
All journal submissions are single blind, peer reviewed by members of the Editorial Review Board. First, the journal Editor reviews papers for appropriateness, and uses a plagiarism verification tool to ensure the work has not been plagiarized. Then the Editor sends out the manuscript to two reviewers, without disclosing the identities of the authors or other reviewer. The review results are confidentially delivered to the Editor, who then reviews the reviewer feedback to ensure the comments are relevant and non-discriminatory before sending the comments back to the authors. Authors are given a chance to make revisions to their manuscripts based... 
A 
The name often refers to just the cancerous versions rather than all such tumors. Signs and symptoms may include enlarged lymph nodes, fever, drenching sweats, unintended weight loss, itching, and constantly feeling tired. The enlarged lymph nodes are usually painless. The sweats are most common at night. The two main categories of lymphomas are 
Heart disease is a term covering any disorder of the heart. Unlike cardiovascular disease, which describes problems with the blood vessels and circulatory system as well as the heart, heart disease refers to issues and deformities in the heart itself. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, and Australia. One in every four deaths in the U.S. occurs as a result of heart disease. Fast facts on heart disease One in every four deaths in the U.S. is related to heart disease. Coronary... 
Patients on chronic maintenance dialysis have an alarmingly high mortality of approximately 15-20%. This rate is mainly due to cardiovascular comorbidity and, secondarily in part to the increasing prevalence of changes in blood pressure. These blood pressure changes are the most common complications that occur in these patients, most commonly hypotension, with Intradialytic Hypertension (IDH) occurring second. This single center, hospital based prospective observational cohort, research study investigated on (a) the prevalence of IDH and (b) determine the demographic, clinical profile and modifiable factors which can predict the occurrence of IDH. Three hundred thirty two (332) patients enrolled at the... 
Interferon-beta is recognized as first line treatment in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. Overall it is considered a safe drug; however, over the years there has been some concern on its effect on the kidneys. Here we present a case of nephrotic syndrome in a young lady suffering from relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis who had been on Interferon-beta-1a therapy for 8 months. Kidney biopsy was consistent with minimal change disease. The clinical condition started to improve gradually upon cessation of the Interferon therapy and concomitant treatment with prednisolone. The patient attained full and sustained remission after 8 weeks of therapy. This... 
Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR- FTIR) spectroscopy method was developed for the quantitative determination of acarbose in tablets. Two calibration curves were generated. The first calibration curve was based on peak height at 2928.54 cm-1 with correlation coefficient of 0.9987. The second calibration curve was based on peak area which range from 2953.39-2851.04 cm-1 with correlation coefficient of 0.9978. The FTIR method was validated according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The method was precise over a range of 40%-100% w/w with % RSD values less than 2 for intra-day and interday precision. The accuracy of the... 
The elimination of various molecular weights of contaminated dextran in sugar processing is quite complicated, especially using enzymatic decomposition. Many factors including enzyme concentration, retention time, pH, temperature, and sucrose concentration affect enzyme hydrolysis. The optimizing conditions of various molecular weights of dextran removal were investigated using response surface methodology. The optimum hydrolyzed conditions of 1,500 µg/mL of all molecular weights of pure dextran from the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) experiments were: dextranase (Amano Enzyme Inc., Japan) at 5-15 ppm total soluble solids for 5-15 min at 50-65°C with pH 4.5-6.5 and sucrose concentration at 15-25%. The results from the OFAT experiments... 
A healthy diet helps children grow and learn. It also helps prevent obesity and weight-related diseases, such as diabetes. To give child a nutritious diet: Make half of what is on your child's plate fruits and vegetables Choose healthy sources of protein, such as lean meat, nuts, and eggs Serve whole-grain breads and cereals because they are high in fiber. Reduce refined grains. Broil, grill, or steam foods instead of frying them Limit fast food and junk food Offer water or milk instead of sugary fruit drinks and sodas Babies: During this stage of life, it's almost... 
Analysis of lossless compression techniques time-frequency-based in ECG signal compression 
Assessment of prescription patterns and drug use across the Kurdistan region 
Metal levels in commercial pelagic fishes and their contribution to their exposure in Turkish people of the Black Sea 
Omega-3 In Flax Or Fish Oil Could Help Prevent Osteoarthritis Researchers have revealed that omega-3 in flax or fish oil could quite possibly prevent osteoarthritis, as well as lower osteoarthritis symptoms. Guinea pigs naturally grow osteoarthritis, and after being fed omega-3-rich diets, osteoarthritis was reduced by 50% in comparison to a quality diet. The study is a significant development in demonstrating that omega-3 fatty acids, sourced either from flax oil or fish oil, could help in slowing down the osteoarthritis process, or even prevent osteoarthritis from happening, confirming reports regarding the benefits of fish oil for healthy joints. Omega-3 reduced... 
TYPES OF CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE 
Risk positions assessment in order to prevent musculoskeletal injuries in the tube manufacturing industry. There are many activities performed in a repeated way and in a risk positions that cause fatigue and subsequently may origin cumulative trauma diseases and musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). Although the disorders may appear as a consequence of an intense effort, its development is a multifactorial process, but it usually occurs because the prolonged exposure in certain positions or movements. The disorders can be of different severity degree, since mild periodic symptoms to serious synchronous conditions. One of the main reasons why this kind of disorders occurs... 
Crossbreeding is a common strategy to enhance animal production because it can capitalize on breed complementary and heterosis. To date, crossbreeding has been a significant form of producing commercial animals in pigs and chickens. There are also composite animals, such as Brangus cattle, which combined “superior” characters of Angus and Brahman and retain some heterosis (hybrid vigor) in future generations without crossbreeding and maintained like purebred animals. In the past decades, advances in animal genomics have fundamentally revolutionized all the aspects of animal breeding and production, including crossbreeding. Crossbred animals differ considerably from purebred animals, and their genome is a... 
Our world is currently suffering a lot of important environmental change. Around the planet, the ecosystems are increasingly subjected to the negative effects of human population growth and its expanding ecological footprint. Be it in the form of habitat loss or alteration, the introduction of invasive species, pathogen spill-over, accumulation of persistent pollutants, climate change or stratospheric ozone depletion, global environmental change has altered physical and biological systems and is becoming of increasing concern for the well-being and survival of many species. This because all the described changes can have a negative impact on animal immune system, being they more... 
ISA 600 states that the auditor of the parent company (the group auditor) has full responsibility for all consolidated financial statements, including those of subsidiaries audited by other auditors (component auditors). This study aims to examine the impact of the implementation of ISA 600 on audit quality and market share in Indonesia, using mixed methods. The primary data were collected from FGD and questionnaires (244 respondents), while the secondary data were obtained from 1,062 firm years (2011-2016) of the parent company financial statements. The regression results show that the implementation of ISA 600 had a negative impact on audit quality.... 
The era of creativity presents a variety of new consumer needs. Consumers are getting smarter and choose to experience more on products they want. The competition gets tighter. Producers need to manage their creativity better, especially those among small and medium business. Many researches have been done on SMEs that focused on the lack of financial capital Dan its access to loan from bank. However, research on SMEs bankcruptcy and its unreliabity to compete and stay competitive are still rare. This research is conducted with qualitative method using several case studies in small-medium businesses in West Java. Three SMEs are... 
What is Food Science? • Food science is the study of the physical, biological, and chemical makeup of food; the causes of food deterioration; and the concepts underlying food processing. • Food scientists and technologists apply scientific disciplines including chemistry, engineering, microbiology, and nutrition to the study of food to improve the safety, nutrition, wholesomeness and availability of food. • Depending on their area of specialization, food scientists may develop ways to process, preserve, package, and/or store food according to industry and government specifications and regulations. What is Food Technology? • Food technology is the... 
The sexual segregation of the European eel, Conger conger nd female semelparity 
Organ to organ communication is important in the maintenance of normal fluid and electrolyte balance and blood pressure (BP). The gastrointestinal tract and the kidney are major organs involved in this process. Neural mechanisms and gut hormones mediate the natriuretic of an oral sodium load. The flow of sodium into the sodium channels of the stomach antrum activates a sequence of events, leading to G-cell-mediated increase in gastrin secretion and its release into the circulation. Of all the gut hormones circulating in the plasma, gastrin is the one that is reabsorbed to the greatest extent by renal tubules. Gastrin, via... 
The pregnancy is told as a rare event among End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD) women undergoing chronic Hemodialysis (HD). This is mainly due to ESRD to be considered per se as a powerful method of contraception and sexual dysfunction is higher in women undergoing HD likely as a result of the cumulative effects of depression, fatigue, altered body image, medication side effects, and premature menopause, and the gestation in these women is frequently associated with poor fetal outcomes. However, in the last years the number of gestations among patients undergoing HD is increasing exponentially around the world, associated with better fetal... 
Traditional Japanese cuisine (“Washyoku” in Japanese) was added to the UNESCO’s Intangible Culture Heritage list in 2013. Over the past 1,000 years, the use of fungal hydrolytic enzymes prevailed in the Japanese fermentation industries. Almost all characteristic flavors and tastes of these traditional fermented foods are developed using the malted rice with Aspergillus oryzae (“kōji” in Japanese). In 2006, the Brewing Society of Japan certified A. oryzae, A. sojae and A. luchuensis as the national microorganisms of Japan. In this review, a novel enzymatic production of glutamate from glutamine and new Skn-1a/Pou2f3 umami taste receptors are discussed. Biological characteristics for... 
Foods contain various biologically active substances. They exert various activities and some of them exert plural functions. Thus, foods are basically multifunctional. However, the contents and composition of these functional factors are fairly different from foods. Therefore, we have to take various foods to maintain our health. On the other hand, the unbalanced diet may lead to the occurrence of various food style dependent diseases. To avoid such diseases, it is important to produce and afford nutritionally balanced foods. In addition, excess intake of energy and some food components induce such diseases. Among food components, excess intake of lipids, especially... 
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The fisheries of China generate the largest catch in the world. However, these fisheries are in generally bad shape, notably due to lack of management systems based on rigorous studies on the dynamics of major stocks exploited by the fisheries of China and neighboring countries. This could be mitigated, at least in part, by the systematic application of newly developed methods for evaluating the status of exploited fish stocks for use in data-sparse situations, focusing on methods for estimating maximum sustainable yield (MSY) from catch informed by a combination of biological knowledge on the species (intrinsic rate of population increase,... 
Molecular oncology is an interdisciplinary medical specialty at the interface of medicinal chemistry and oncology that refers to the investigation of the chemistry of cancer and tumors at the molecular scale. Also the development and application of molecularly targeted therapies. Molecular oncology has identified genes that are involved in the development of cancer. The research combined diverse techniques ranging from genomics, computational biology, tumour imaging, in vitro and in vivo functional models to study biological and clinical phenotypes. The proteins produced by these genes may serve as targets for novel chemotherapy drugs and other cancer treatments, or imaging scans. Scientists use a range of techniques to validate the role of the novel candidate genes in the development of cancer. The ultimate aim is to translate these findings into improved treatment options for cancer patients. Gene Targets... 
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On behalf of the 
Effect of Apple Pomace Powder on the Quality Attributes of Fish Fingers The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of different levels of apple pomace powder (APP) on the quality characteristics of fish fingers. The apple pomace powder was incorporated at four different levels viz 0, 2.5, 4.5, and 6.5 percent, replacing fish meat in the formulation. The products were analysed for various physicochemical properties, sensory attributes, emulsion stability, cooking yield, pH and proximate composition (viz., crude protein, fat extract, moisture content and total ash). Emulsion stability and cooking yield showed a significantly increasing trend with an increase... 
Insights on Cancer Preventive Approaches Using Plant Based Extracts 
Post-operative Delirium in Lumbar Degenerative Disease Study design: The study is a retrospective review of all patients who developed delirium following surgery for lumbar degenerative disease. Purpose: Delirium is an acute decline in cognitive function and attention and represents acute brain failure. Post-operative alterations in attention and consciousness in Spine patients is a pathway to significant morbidity. There is a marked paucity in the literature on delirium in Spine patients in our environment. This reflects tendency to miss the diagnosis and results in avoidable morbidity and mortality. We evaluate the risk factors for delirium in surgery for lumbar degenerative disease... 
During recent years, modern livestock production is characterized by increasing herd sizes and changes in the slaughter industry towards fewer and larger units. As a consequence, the needed transport distances from farm to slaughter are increasing. In addition, the use of multisite production, where animals are not kept on the same site from birth/hatching until slaughter, is becoming standard across the livestock animal species. These changes have led to a marked increase in animal transport – nationally as well as internationally. However, within animal transport and related management, research and development in central aspects such as biosecurity, animal health and... 
Assessment of drug discontinuation among adult patients who are taking antiretroviral treatment at Yeka Sub-City Woreda 9 and 10 health centers Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Background: Antiretroviral therapy has led to a substantial reduction in HIV-associated morbidity and mortality. Efficacy of antiretroviral treatment in HIV/AIDS is showing inhibition of viral replication and reduction of viral load to a point where viral particles are undetectable in the blood of infected individuals. This has led to the realization that HIV/AIDS is a chronic illness. Objective: The main objective of this study was to assess drug discontinuation patients who are taking antiretroviral treatment at... 
Bioremediation Bioremediation is the use of living microorganisms to degrade the environmental contaminants into less toxic forms. It uses naturally occurring bacteria and fungi or plants to degrade or detoxify substances hazardous to human health and/or the environment. The microorganisms may be indigenous to a contaminated area or they may be isolated from elsewhere and brought to the contaminated site. Contaminant compounds are transformed by living organisms through reactions that take place as a part of their metabolic processes. Biodegradation of a compound is often a result of the actions of multiple organisms. Bioremediation can be effective only where... 
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and early onset pre-eclampsia. Introduction: Pre-eclampsia is one of the common gestational disorders characterized by hypertension after 20 weeks of gestation and proteinuria with unknown different etiologies. It is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can affect uterine villuses and maternal spiral arteries. Therefore this study was designed to evaluate the potential link between Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and early onset pre-eclampsia. Materials and Methods: Thirty nine pregnant women with pre-eclampsia and forty healthy pregnant woman (as control group) were compared with each other in the term of demographic features and... 
ENCOUNTER DYNAMIC RESEARCHES WITH BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH 
Allied Academies Publishing welcomes proposals for special issue that falls within the scope of the Journal of Molecular Oncology and Research. The special issue aims at exploring new, relevant, and the most compelling dimensions in the field of Oncology that missed a mention in the journal on a regular basis. Proposal Preparation Special issues will be released on a monthly basis and proposals will be accepted accordingly. All proposals should include the following information: Title of the proposed special issue Purpose and current relevance List of topics to be covered List of potential contributors Guest Editor(s) and Reviewers Address,... 
The Journal of Finance and Marketing disseminates high quality research content based on Financial Marketing from marketing professionals across the globe, with implications from the leading Business schools, universities and research institutes. Our 
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Polyamide Netting Materials Exposed to Different Environments 
Microorganism Assisted Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles 
Harmful algal blooms have been a major environmental problem worldwide. Red tides, blue-green algae, and cyanobacteria are primary examples of harmful algal blooms that can have severe impacts on human health and aquatic ecosystems. Some harmful algae produce dangerous toxic blooms in both fresh and marine water but even nontoxic blooms hurt the environment and local economies. The algal toxins that are produced mainly include cyanobacterial toxins and red tide phycotoxins, and there are hundreds of other toxins that have been well identified. The main types of red tide phycotoxins are ciguatoxin, saxitoxin, paralytic shellfish poison and diarrhetic shellfish poison,... 
Interventional Cardiology 
Echolocation has evolved in different groups of animals, from bats and cetaceans to birds and humans, and enables localization and tracking of objects in a dynamic environment, where light levels may be very low or absent. Nature has shaped echolocation, an active sense that engages audiomotor feedback systems, which operates in diverse environments and situations. Echolocation production and perception vary across species, and signals are often adapted to the environment and task. In the last several decades, researchers have been studying the echolocation behavior of animals, both in the air and underwater, using different methodologies and perspectives. The result of... 
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Ecological and Health Risk from Heavy Metal Exposure to Fish This study is very interesting and it is presented by 
Join as an Editorial Board for Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 
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Updated Research in Malaria Infection 
A financial market is a market in which people trade financial securities and derivatives at low transaction costs. Securities include stocks and bonds, and precious metals. The term "market" is sometimes used for what are more strictly exchanges, organizations that facilitate the trade in financial securities, e.g., a stock exchange or commodity exchange. This may be a physical location (such as the NYSE, LSE, JSE, BSE) or an electronic system (such as NASDAQ). Much trading of stocks takes place on an exchange; still, corporate actions (merger, spinoff) are outside an exchange, while any two companies or people, for whatever reason, may agree to sell stock from the one to the other without using an exchange. Trading of currencies and bonds is largely on a bilateral basis, although... 
The 
There is growing interest in understanding the immune systems of aquatic vertebrate species in order to develop and protect both farmed and wild aquatic species in a sustainable manner. Animals such as cartilaginous/bony fish and amphibians exhibit hallmark immune components associated with mammalian immunity, but also provide examples of intriguing and novel innate immune mechanisms. For example, aquatic vertebrates possess (i) distinct repertoires of key vertebrate cytokines and growth factors; (ii) unique pathogen recognition and anti-pathogenic strategies as well as (iii) novel immune cell differentiation mechanisms. Aquatic vertebrates possess much less developed adaptive immune responses compared to mammals and therefore,... 
Journal of Molecular Oncology Research is an open-access journal that publishes & accepts all types of articles that comes under the scope of the journal. APJOT published an article on the titled 
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Journal of Biochemistry & Biotechnology accepting submissions for the upcoming issue. Topics are Cancer, Metabolism & their disorders, Cell biology, Genetic engineering, Bioinformatics, Synthesis of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids and nanotechnology in crop science & treatment. Authors can submit their articles to our 
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About the Journal: 
About the Journal: Current Trends in Cardiology is an open access journal that aims to publish manuscripts which provide valuable information and practical reviews that assist the researchers in reviewing and updating their knowledge in the field of cardiology. The archived content of the journal represents the track of progress made in this field over the past decade. The information gathered by the journal encourage researchers to publish their new findings or ideas in an open access platform. The volume of information contained on the journal website is contributed by authors from different regions of the world. Due to these... 
How Are Fish Affected by Water Pollution? 
Microbiome stands for the genetic material of all the microbes like-Bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses - that live on and inside the human body. The Human Microbiome Project was launched in the United States in 2008, with $115 million in funding from the National Institutes of Health. This project emphasized comprehensive characterization of the gut, oral, skin, vaginal, and nasal/lung microbial communities of humans. The project was highly successful, resulting in not only the characterization of such microbial communities, but the development of new databases, tools for comparative analyses, and improved methods and systems for assembly of large sequence datasets.... 
Chronic Pulmonary Obstructive Disease The chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remains to be a vital cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. It is a worldwide health problem, with cigarette smoking being a significant risk factor commonly; other causes, such as exposure to outdoor and indoor air pollution, work-related risks, and infections, are moreover important. It is a major public health problem which probable to rank fifth in 2020 as a global disease problem according to a study published by the World Bank/World Health Organization. In this review, the most recent published research on COPD and related issues was selected.... 
Biomedical Research announces International Collaborations with Research Institutes and Universities. In line with development of friendly international cooperation, Biomedical Research wishes to establish a long-term mutually beneficial collaboration with various Institution/University by accepting bulk submissions in the field of Biomedical Research. Biomedical research (BMR) is an evolutionary Journal publishing novel experimentation by many scientists, including biologists and chemists. As the world is in need of novel discoveries of new medicines and therapies BMR offers an enthusiastic platform showcasing the latest fact findings after careful scientific experimentation, development, and evaluation. BMR has been working with an ultimate goal of developing effective... 
Microbial Evolution Microbial evolution refers to the genetically driven changes that occur in microorganisms and that are retained over time. Some microbial changes can be in response to a selective pressure. The best examples of this are the various changes that can occur in bacteria in response to the presence of antibiotics. These changes can make an individual bacterium less susceptible or completely resistant to the killing action of one or more antibiotics. Other microbial changes can occur randomly in the absence of any selective pressure. These changes, which often are due to a change in the sequence of... 
Microbial Genomics Microbial genomes encompass all chromosomal and extra chromosomal genetic material. The study of genomes as an entity as opposed to individual genetic components is referred to as genomics. Microbial genomes are widely variable and reflect the enormous diversity of bacteria, archaea and lower eukaryotes. Bacterial genomes usually consist of a single circular chromosome, but species with more than one chromosome (eg. Deinococcus radiodurans), linear chromosomes (eg. some Bacillis subtilis strains) and combinations of linear and circular chromosomes (eg. Agrobacterium tumefaciens) also exist. One major difference between the genomes of microorganisms and higher eukaryotes, is the presence of circular, extra-chromosomal DNA called plasmids.... 
Ophthalmology Case Reports is scheduled to celebrate its 4th anniversary in the year 2020. The journal is devoted to convey and spread to its researchers around the world, the latest knowledge in the field of Ophthalmology. It is an open-access journal that caters reliable information for clinical Ophthalmologists, and others in the form of original articles, review articles, case reports, short communications, etc. and might want to disperse information through high impact articles in ophthalmology. The Journal offers this unique opportunity of greater flexibility to the contributors to published different types of scientific communications related to Acanthamoeba Keratitis, Amblyopia (Lazy... 
The Journal of Finance and Marketing disseminates high quality research content based on Financial Marketing from marketing professionals across the globe, with implications from the leading Business schools, universities and research institutes. Major topics covered in the journal include and not limited to Banking services, pension plans, insurance policies, saving schemes, product positioning, online services, customer profiling, loyalty plans, brand management, cross-selling products and services, financial innovations, Institutional banking and finance, Regulations affecting financial services marketing, Segmenting financial services, customer Wealth management, customer relationship management, customer profiling, targeting, etc. Journal of Finance and Marketing seeks innovative proposals to create special... 
Recent News: Stock market indicators and human development index in Sub-Saharan Africa: The case of Mauritius, Nigeria and South Africa (1997 – 2017). This study examined the impact of stock market indicators on the human development index of three Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries of Mauritius, Nigeria, and South Africa. The specific objectives of this study are to examine the impact of stock market size and liquidity on the human development index of SSA countries. Data for the study were collected from the World Bank Database and the United Nations Development Programme Database for the period 1997 to 2017. Human Development... 
