Introduction

Bladder cancer is a common type of cancer that begins in the cells of the bladder. The bladder is a hollow muscular organ in your lower abdomen that stores urine.

Bladder cancer most often begins in the cells (urothelial cells) that line the inside of your bladder. Urothelial cells are also found in your kidneys and the tubes (ureters) that connect the kidneys to the bladder. Urothelial cancer can happen in the kidneys and ureters, too, but it's much more common in the bladder.

Symptoms

Blood in urine (hematuria), which may cause urine to appear bright red or cola colored, though sometimes the urine appears normal and blood is detected on a lab test

• Frequent urination
• Painful urination
• Back pain       

Causes

Bladder cancer begins when cells in the bladder develop changes (mutations) in their DNA. A cell's DNA contains instructions that tell the cell what to do. The changes tell the cell to multiply rapidly and to go on living when healthy cells would die. The abnormal cells form a tumor that can invade and destroy normal body tissue. In time, the abnormal cells can break away and spread (metastasize) through the body.

Types of bladder cancers

• Urothelial carcinoma.

• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Adenocarcinoma

Risk factors

• Smoking
• Increasing age
• Being male
• Exposure to certain chemicals
• Previous cancer treatment
• Chronic bladder inflammation
• Personal or family history of cancer

Prevention

• Don't smoke
• Take caution around chemicals
• Choose a variety of fruits and vegetables

Conclusion

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Media Contact:
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Managing Editor
Journal of Molecular Oncology Research
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